UCTE Graduate Student Information Session Webinar

Hello.

Did you guys hear Maine?

Got.

OK.

I have a quick question about muting myself.

Mike, can you hear Maine right now?

OK, why when you guys were doing the video and muting? I was trying to play with the mute button then it seemed like it either wasn't doing anything and then it wouldn't come back on. So I'm really not sure that's OK long as you can hear me now. That's why jump for a minute and came back.

So I will after I introduce you. Then in the beginning I'll go ahead and go off broadcast, which is what Molly just did. Still be there, but I'll disappear from the top here and that way I'm muted in the video is off and all that. And then when we get back towards the end there I'll jump back on just a slide or two ahead of that and then that way I'll be able to be there.

I think the I think the best thing to do is just you keep control of the slides because that last slide there's nothing I need to move the next slide after that is just questions.

And so I don't see any reason to try to move control of the slides. That way we always know who has it.

OK.

Yes.

So like the only thing I would say is, uhm, make sure you mute the video on your end. Uh, like we talked about because I clicked it before. It's just a second or two laps though. They're just talking over each other.

That's that's all.

I really appreciate his helping us out. This is the good clips. I cut out the the tougher part.

Yeah, I when it gets to that point I'll ask if they have questions. Will give him a second to type it out that I don't have to type it out and will have to come through once it's finished typing. And then whomever can feel the question. At that point we'll both be broadcasting them.

Yeah, I might have done that, but it might unfortunately worked out.

I'm good.

It's area code 716.

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6294

And yours is.

OK, try better.

Yep, got that. So what would you like me to introduce you as title wise?

OK.

Sounds good.

Yeah, 2 minutes.

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, and welcome to this afternoon's graduate student information session web and R for the underground construction and Tunnel Engineering Program at Colorado School of mines.

We're going to give it just a minute here, as there are folks start to log on a couple of quick public service announcements. If you're having trouble with the web and R if it's stopping its attacks slow. It works best with the Google Chrome browser so you can go ahead and log out. Try to get into Google Chrome and then log back in. If you're having problems.

Uh, if if you shouldn't have any questions as we go along, go ahead and type those in at anytime. If it's a question that we're going to get to further on in the presentation, will try and cover it then. Otherwise we'll go ahead and cover those towards the.

And, uh, just a minute here will get started. I'd like to introduce you to doctor Mike Mooney. He is our Grewcock Chair Professor on underground construction and tunneling at Colorado School of mines. So if you have any questions again, just go ahead and take those into questions bar and hope you enjoy the presentation. Thank you.

How about you?

Take it away, Mike.

Hi everybody will get started here in a couple minutes or a uh a few seconds. Just wait for a few more people to join on and we get rolling.

Alright, let's go ahead and get started then. So I'm gonna provide an overview today, grad studies and underground construction and tunnel engineering here at Colorado School of mines. Thanks for joining. You can reach us or learn more information at ucte.mines.edu you see the URL there at the bottom. So we're going to walk through. Today is what is underground construction.

In Tunnel Engineering.

Uhm, and then what opportunities exist for students and for graduates in this field?

So great way to start with what is underground engineering is to watch this five minute video that describes essentially what this looks like.

All right?

So hopefully that gives you a little bit of a taste or introduction to what underground engineering is all about. Let's dive a little deeper though. So underground or underground construction and tunnel engineering, which is a mouthful, so I'll just use the word underground.

Equals the following caverns shaft at its excavations and tunnels, and let's walk through some examples of these. So first are caverns. What you see here on the left, and you see the people in the equipment to give you a sense of the scale. These are large underground structures that are being built. This is in Manhattan. This is called the Manhattan Caverns right beneath Grand Central Terminal. A 10 block long underground excavation project.

That is shown on the left hand side and then on the bottom right of the slide you see this civil structure. That's going to be constructed as a station bringing trains in from a number of places into Midtown Manhattan.

One of the oldest underground caverns is here in or shown here in Norway. This is the Olympic Tavern Hall that is completely what you see. There is completely underground, in Nice granitic rocks, so it's quite strong stable rock.

The next part is shaft and add it's so you see on the left side of the screen this is a circular shaft that is excavated vertically. Straight down. You can see this is in an urban area and so this is.

Shaft down to a depth of a tunnel that is used to then transport people transport people for subway construction.

In terms of ad, it's in the top right you see two portals or entrances to tunnels going through a mountain and then in the bottom right you see what's called across passage, which connects twin tunnels often constructed for.

Alternating traffic weather in trains or roadway, but for emergency exit reasons you have to have an egress for any confined space, so tunnel is considered a place where you need to have emergency exit. So every 800 feet, for example, you must have some exit and so one of the ways to do that is to connect the two tunnels with what's called across passage. So you see that there all that underground engineering.

Excavations you see two examples here. On the left hand side. This is a future station being excavated in downtown Seattle.

See in the left hand side of the picture of tunnel boring machine.

That is being launched to create the tunnel and then once this is all done and this is fit out with the actual subway station that will take that space on the right hand side, you just see a typical urban excavation again. You can see the roadway and the scale of the structure a really important part of underground engineering is the support of the excavation. So you see the walls that are shown their so underground engineers will design those wall systems so that they can withstand the.

By the lateral earth pressure in the water pressures that may exist on the backside of that wall.

And then we get to tunnel. So we'll talk about mechanized tunnels and mechanized tunnels. Is typically with tunnel boring machines, and they can be as small as Micro Tunnel boring machines. 3 feet, as you see on the left hand side here for utility construction all the way up to the right hand side 58 foot diameter, which is the largest constructed here in the last five years.

Uh, you can see the scale of those massive machines.

In total construction is also what's called conventional tunneling, so not using tunnel boring machines, but using backhoes and dozers and road road headers to grind away at the soil and manually excavated. It's basically a step up from you and I taken shovels and going out and build and shovel building tunnels on the beach, but this is often used for small stretches of tunnels and then for odd openings.

Tunnel boring machines are typically round and you can see from these pictures that they don't necessarily have to be a circular type opening.

So let's look at a few examples of some tunnels. Tunnels are constructed for many different reasons. The first is water conveyance. Lots of water tunnels in North America internationally. You see, this example is the Niagara Falls Hydroelectric Tunnel. So you can see the famous horseshoe falls shown on the picture on the left.

And then you can see the yellow dashed line which starts at the intake.

Um above the horseshoe falls and captures that water and then essentially takes it down around the dash line to an outlet which is near the same same Sir Adam back generating station so this is hydroelectric power generation created by this water and then the right hand side you can see the actual tunnel being constructed and that's a 42 foot diameter tunnel so that's a very big very big tunnel almost 4 story type a tunnel.

Wastewater storm water for example a lot of municipalities are developing combined sewer overflow solutions so this is a case where this isn't Indianapolis called the deep rock tunnel where from stormwater events that storm water is collected through typical street manholes not manholes but drains that then take that water down into a deep storage tunnel.

And that serves as a place to just store that water that storm water and it's pumped up as you see on the right hand side of this picture there's a pump station that lifts that water storm water up puts it through the.

Wastewater treatment plant and then deposits it into the River.

And so this solution allows for the metered processing of that storm water so that all of it can be treated before it's put back into the River.

Tunnels for roads so many examples of road tunnels this one shows in the Istanbul Eurasia tunnel connecting Europe to Asia you can see that in the Top left in the Top right this is a double Decker highway.

Road tunnel and then in the bottom picture you see a vertical profile of what that tongue looks like. You can see as well below the water surface and it's essentially tunneled through both rock trachea formation. And then you see in the Sandy are or the tan colors in the middle Softs oils.

So tunnels are constructed through rock their constructed through soil and they're often under water.

The next application or example would be for rail or transit tunnels so on the left hand side you see 4 tunnels very close to each other constructed in Queens NY in fact those go into Manhattan.

So those are roughly 22 foot diameter everyone's taken a subway train before and so these would be tunnels that put rails in him and then Kerry trains with lots of people on the right hand side I love this picture because it illustrates the complexity in tunneling so you see coming at you in the bottom right this tunnel boring machine which is just pulling into a station so it's just created a tunnel and now it's coming out into a future station where you'd get on the train.

But you can see that that tunnel has been board underneath some very old historical buildings that really can't tolerate much movement or the start to crack and fail. And so it really illustrates the complexity that tunnel engineers have to deal with to get the job done. We'll talk more about that a little bit later.

More recently, now we see Elon Musk Sloop or the boring company and loop tunnels. This is a picture from the inaugural loop tunnel in Hawthorne, CA.

Near SpaceX and on the right hand side you see the Maglev Hyperloop. So imagine that too which is shown above ground. Imagine that being placed underground over long stretches for mag Lev based.

Passage of people. So here's a video now about the loop tunnel.

OK, so you can see from that video that transportation in general, personal transportation in general, mass transportation in general is undergoing pretty rapid changes, so you're living through that as a student. It's a great time to be a student in terms of moving that forward with autonomous vehicles coming very rapidly. That opens up all kinds of avenues and underground is going to play a big role in transportation in the future. So loop is one example. Hyperloop is another example.

But the reality is we don't know what this looks like.

Over the next five 1020 years, but you as students can play a big role in shaping that, particularly the underground underground is going to play a big role in it all, right? So we've gone through water. We've gone through wastewater. We've gone through Road Tunnel Transit Tunnel and then loop Hyperloop. There's also energee tunnels, and there's multiple use tunnels, so tunnels are expensive. So anytime of community community can find a way to have a dual use of a tunnel, it actually saves money.

And so in this case, this is the Smart Tunnel that was recently constructed and opened in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Which, as you can see on the left hand side, serves as both a road tunnel and then a stream channel in downtown Kuala Lumpur. However, they get monsoon rains and they need a place to temporarily store water so it doesn't flood the streets and so they can pump it up. As I showed earlier. Pump it up through a wastewater treatment facility so as you see on the right with plenty of warning they close down the tunnel, evacuate all traffic.

And then they use that tunnel and fill it with water and then slowly over the next few hours they empty that water out and then return to its normal operation which you see on the left hand side. So by combining these two functions into one, you've got a solution that works for both except you just don't have traffic during the monsoons.

But that's a small price to pay for a a good solution to snore Mar.

Underground tunneling is really challenging.

Uh, so I want to talk through those challenges and This is why many of the reasons why graduates today need advanced training in this field. So you saw the picture on the left earlier. The picture on the right is the Sr 99 tunnel in Seattle, WA built in fact opened in the last two years. This is a double Decker Highway Tunnel. As you can see in the picture that went under something like 150 critical.

Buildings.

And about structure that themselves have foundation systems as you see here.

And there's a coarse ground in there too. It's just not shown in that figure, but that Talling has to go underneath all of those buildings. And in urban areas there's very strict building utility in roadway deformation tolerances on the order of 10 to 20 millimeters, or 1/2 to 3/4 of an inch. So as an example, you take the opening on the right hand side. That was a 60 foot diameter tunnel, so that's roughly 700 inches. So imagine a 700.

Inch tunnel opening in the ground and they allowable movement is 1/2 an inch. That's really challenging to do, particularly when a lot of the ground conditions and building foundations are less than perfectly understood.

So one of the key aspects in underground engineering is estimating what kind of impact will a tunnel have on existing structures. So here you see some structures on the left hand side. You can see Big Ben Clock Tower in London, lots of development of underground in London, in and around Big Ben Clock Tower. You can imagine you don't want to make that Clock tower move on the right hand side if you're tunneling next to a high rise building.

A high rise building will be built on a deep foundation, and So what is the impact of that opening going to be on that deep foundation?

That's what tunnel engineers do.

Of course, then there's the estimation and prediction of tunnel induced deformation and damage. So these are two pictures that you want to avoid as a tunnel engineer on the left hand side is a sinkhole directly beneath that hole in the ground is a tunnel boring machine that was coming this way towards us.

And ran into some ground and some operating conditions that weren't well managed and then it resulted in settlement and a sinkhole to the surface on the right hand side. This is in Amsterdam where you can clearly see that some tunnel induced deformations caused some pretty significant damage to this building. It's no longer inhabitable.

So as a result of these projects, often in urban environments, there's lots of instrumentation and monitoring or something we call structural health monitoring. So here you see a total project if you look closely, you see all kinds of sensors placed within the tunnel, and then you see sensors placed in the ground outside of the tunnel.

And then you see a lot of prisms for survey total station monitoring, automated total station monitoring, where you have lots of prisms placed on buildings on railroad tracks, an automatic total stations, or monitoring those movements of any structure that's within the vicinity of a tunnel under construction to alert any damage that may occur immediately. So things can be reviewed and hopefully improved.

And so this just shows one example. I mentioned the big Seattle SR99 project, the 60 foot diameter tunnel.

That board underneath more than 150 buildings and structures and you can see by looking at this alignment here, that everyone of these colored notations on the ground surface or buildings is a instrumentation point or sensor. So below that is where the tunnel went. You can see it's right down the heart of downtown Seattle, and so all of those buildings were monitored live as that tunneling process.

Um was undertaken.

So quite complicated and then the key is to maintain that 700 foot opening with less than 1/2 an inch and they did it. They were successful in completing that project and not causing damage to the overlying buildings.

Underground engineering also involves a lot of structural engineering, so it's not just soil and rock Geo technical aspects, but there's a lot of structural design structural construction. So here you see on the left hand side tunnels are comprised of mostly of concrete precast.

Forecast in place reinforced concrete structures. So you see here a tunnel lining system on the left in the middle you see a cast one single ring of a tunnel alignment, and that's all precast stuff. So it's cast prior to the actual construction of the tunnel and then on the right hand side you can see a cast in place aligner system placed inside of a tunnel.

OK, so a couple of words about why tunneling why underground. So tunnels have a tremendous ability to improve the urban environment, so we were living through this time of Urbanization, where people are moving more and more to urban environments, and that means that urban environments need more infrastructure.

Um, more traffic lanes, more water pipes, and so the underground is becoming a solution for all of these. In addition to that, people in urban environments want high quality of life. You want parks green space. They want quiet no pollution or reduce pollution. So here's some great examples on the left hand side. This is 1997 in Boston. On the right hand side all of this highway system you see on the left hand side.

Was placed underground. This is called the Boston Big dig and so you can see what the benefit was of doing that. Now you got a lot of green space in the heart of downtown Boston.

Here's another picture in Boston on the left hand side you see elevated by a dockson, then ground level roadway.

On the right hand side, all of that transportation infrastructure was placed underground, creating a much more friendly place to live on the right hand side.

And then here's finally one more picture in Boston. Same vantage point is again just to illustrate what bringing that infrastructure underground can really do for urban environment.

I think we'd all much rather live in the picture on the right hand side than the picture on the left hand side.

I mentioned Seattle, so the Big 60 foot diameter tunnel that was recently constructed completed in Seattle was intended to replace this double Decker Viaduct in the left hand side picture, if you look carefully, you can see right along the seashore there. There's this double Decker via doc that was built post World War Two.

Have a nice or? I think you'd agree and it's it's preventing this wonderful view from downtown Seattle over Elliott Bay, which is on the left hand side. If you notice on the right hand side, this is a rendering, but that Viaduct no longer exists. And that's because that double Decker Highway is now underground, out of sight, out of mind, and now you get this beautiful sea front, which is a much better situation than what you see on the left hand side.

So tunnels and underground infrastructure really has the ability to improve urban lifestyles.

Alright, so let's move into now talk kind of threw what underground is? You saw the video.

Uh, gave you some examples of different projects, talked about the complexity of these projects.

Talked about the fact that I think you see this that underground is is a combination of of civil engineering with the geotechnical and the structural and construction you can see there's geology involved so have to have knowledge in geology.

And then mining engineering as well as involved in the excavation equipment and methods used there. And so how do you gain the knowledge to launch a career in this in this terrific field of underground engineering? While grad studies in underground construction of Tunnel Engineering is one way.

So let me talk through what that degree program looks like. We offer both a Masters degree and a PhD degree in this field. It is by definition an interdisciplinary field that brings together geological civil engineering and mining. And so you see the course work is going to be a blend, of course, is from those three traditional departments, so the required courses are shown here.

And the prefix prefixes tell you the origin of those courses. So for example, Geological Engineering zhiqian offers the engineering geology course. Civil engineering offers a soil behavior course.

Um, and in this case all behavior. Underground construction in salt ground is also taught in the Civil Engineering Department. And then when we get into mining engineering, you see underground construction in Hard Rock mining engineer mining engineering deals exclusively with rock excavation, and so they are excellent at teaching that topic.

And then, uh, we also have underground construction, engineering and management and then laboratory courses so you can see these are the required courses for the Ms thesis Ms non thesis and PhD degrees. You can see that we collect two courses from each of those different departments and the credit hours are shown on the right hand side over here. So if I'm adding these up here, it's roughly 18 hours of the 30 hours which is required for a Masters degree.

And then you get to choose from elective courses and you can focus in a specific aspect. If you're more inclined to structural aspects of underground, then you would typically take more civil engineering structural type courses. For example design of reinforced concrete as you saw it very prevalent in underground. Or if you're interested in ventilation or.

Rock excavation methods. Then you can take more mining related courses or drilling and blasting and those kinds of courses. Or if you're more interested in the geological aspects, then you can take more geotechnical courses through civil engineering or take more geological courses, groundwater courses through geological engineering. All these different areas are really highly valued.

In the underground industry and you have a choice to either focus a bit or stay quite broad in through taking your elective courses.

OK, so bit about the Masters now just focusing a little bit on this. It's 30 credit hours. You can complete this in two semesters if you really a go getter, so that's nine months we begin in late August and we go through first week of May. If you're on the traditional fall spring two semester sequence, but also could be done in three semesters for those that want to spread it out a bit and so that would be anywhere from 12 to 15 months are courses are very hands on.

We have lots of laboratories where students get roll up their sleeves and get involved in actual lab activities, and then we do field trips every year so you can see in the bottom right here there's just one picture of our our students attending visiting the Seattle sites. We often go someplace around the US every every year with all of our students. We have significant industry engagement in our program.

We are well known to industry where the only degree program in underground construction, a tunnel engineering, or any derivative of underground engineering were the only degree program, and so all the companies come to us looking to recruit our students.

And we and I'll show some pictures, but we replace all of our students. We have practically 100% job placement for all of our students. At least we have since, since inception of this program in the last 10 years.

So we have a weekly lunch and learn. You see that in the top right where we have industry speakers come in and give presentations on projects that are ongoing. Important topics that students need to be aware of. We have an October professional short course for industry and we are students can attend that to great. It's a great experience to network with people in industry but then also to hear from industry speakers and then we have September and February career fairs where all the companies come.

To recruit our students both for full time jobs and for a very strong internship program that we offer.

So we really had strong demand for graduates. This slide just shows a number of our graduates smattering. I guess it's the sample of our graduates over the past few years.

You can see a lot of icons here from the companies that hire our students so our graduates almost 5050 go to work both for consulting firms that working on the ground, but then also for.

Or

Construction companies, so you got the design side of underground space and then you get the construction side of underground space. We always make a strong recommendation that students know both sides. You can't be a great designer.

Of underground, unless you understand how those underground structures underground spaces are built. So this just shows some of our graduates and they're all smiling. If you notice so.

With that, we're going to. We're going to meet a couple of our graduates here. So the first one is melody clay, so she received her bachelor's degree in civil and then a Masters degree and Ucte and she works for a consulting firm here in Denver, Co. As a staff engineering. She's been an industry for five years, so let's listen to Melanie.

My name is melody.

Alright thank you melody and her second graduate is John. Would like to have you listen to is John cow. John got his bachelors in civil in 2013 and a Masters in ucte in 2015. He works for Arab a consulting firm based all around the world. He stationed in the UK and he's a senior tunnel engineer with six years of experience.

Alright, thank you John.

Now you may be wondering how can I find my way to go to grad school? Well, of course you can pay your own way, but where have your employer pay your own way? But there's also something you can apply for, and that's called the Grewcock fellowships.

So this is established by Bruce Grewcock, the CEO of Kiewit Corporation. Anna proud alarm of CSM.

These fellowships provide full tuition and fees support for two semesters, and so there really designed for the non thesis Masters degree student. The goal is to train great engineers to go into industry and be change agents and drive this industry for decades to come. So we have matching support by industry so companies and Grewcock Bruce sort of come together an fundays fun. These fellowships that provide.

Or the tuition and fees to pay for essentially everything required except for your cost of living.

The application deadline is coming up. For those I'm going to turn this over to Andrew when I jump to the next slide, but Andrew can speak to perhaps the deadline for the group cock fellowships.

And that just kind of leads now into how to learn more about grad studies about minds at minds or about ucte in general, Andrew.

Hello again one.

So as Mike mentioned, and as we talked about earlier, my name is Andrew Evil. I'm the graduate student recruiter for underground engineering programs here at minds.

And so yeah, I just want to get into a little bit about, uh, some of our application requirements and deadlines and things like that because hopefully at this point everyone out there is giant wait to turn in their application for the program.

So as far as deadlines are concerned, the broken up in two ways into domestic and international applicants. So for domestic applicants and fall 2020 semester, the application deadline is July 1st and the spring semester. The application deadline is November 1st on the international side. The application deadline for fall has already passed. I was on March 1st. However, for the spring 2021 semester, the deadline is October 1st, so there's plenty of time to get in on that. Now, the only reason for that?

Earlier deadline is it takes longer for visas and things like that to process through and we want to make sure everybody is fully set to go and on the same footing when we get started.

So if you the requirements for the application, we have a pretty standard online application that you'll find on the minds website at mines.edu undergraduate admissions.

With that, you're going to want copies of your transcripts, your official transcripts from your undergrad education, as well as your GRE scores. Now we also are going to require a number of letters of recommendation. Now the system is you're applying will walk you through how to go about obtaining those, and you'll put in the names of the references that you want to use. I think we'd like to stop and say, please reach out to those references before you put their names on. Now, the reason for that is the system will then contact them.

And if they get something from us and they're not expecting it, it's very likely to end up in a spam folder or deleted or something like that, and that could throw a whole wrench in your application, and that's not something that did anybody wants. So we want to make sure you go ahead and Contact those references and let them know you know what might be coming at them.

The Next One is even a purpose. Now this is fairly similar to a cover letter. If you come from anywhere in the industry or things like that, it describes a little bit about yourself, what you're looking to get out of your education, your future, and things like that. So there's more information about that there on the website, and also if you come from the industry side, please go ahead and include your resume. The application process is a holistic approach. No one of these aspects is weighted, particularly more or is considered something that would that would.

Disqualify you so you want to make sure you have all of your test scores, your transcription, resume, the whole package put together so all of it would be taken into account.

Uh, also there's a few prerequisites depending on the program you go into, so go ahead and take a look at the website again. That will talk about with some of those are. Maybe you've already satisfied those. Maybe it's something that you're going to need to talk to an advisor and make sure you get taken care of or talk to us about it. So again, we just like to have everybody go ahead and look at that so everyone knows. Kind of what we're getting into. That's a pretty much wraps up the requirements that you find for the application. Once again, we'd like to turn it over. Any questions anyone might have, both about the program itself.

Maybe any questions you might have about the industry, the different aspects of the underground industry, we can maybe help you through if you're trying to make a decision about that or even see SM the school Golden anything you might have, go ahead and throw it at us. I'll give it just a second while folks type through their questions and we'll see what we can do for you.

Let's see, we do have one question coming through here and I'm actually going to. The question is, can international students that are really in the United States apply at July 1st deadline? I'm actually going to throw this one over to another colleague of ours in the Admissions Department. Her name is Molly Mcandrews. She is the assistant director of admissions for graduate recruitment, so Molly, if you'd like to feel this one. If you can, I will turn it over to you.

Yeah Michael, I'm going to recommend that you reach out to Andrew. His email is on the bottom of the screen right now there we might be able to accommodate, but you have to keep in mind that because you're applying a little bit later the visa, there's it's not a guarantee that the visa will come in time. But if let's discuss your situation offline, since you already are in the US, we might be able to accommodate.

We just need a little bit more information to see if that visa process would be what the visa process would look like for you specifically. So if you don't mind reach out to us after this presentation, will definitely figure something out with you, OK?

Molly.

Let's see, will give it another minute to see if any more questions come through. Uh, in the meantime. I mean I would like to thank you all for joining us today. We hope you've gotten a really good grasp on what the program is and the benefits both yourself and to the society as a whole of the underground engineering industry.

So we'll we'll hang out here for just a minute to see if any more questions come through. Otherwise we will sign off and and again, if you have any questions that come up later, feel free to reach out my email contact addresses there. At the bottom. I know a lot of you on here today. I've already talked with. It's like Mike has something to add, will throw it back to Mike.

So I think I see a question. There's one from Michael. What are the chances of admitting students without engineering backgrounds? So Michael is a good question. You can teach. You can see from the industry and from the program. It's really an engineering degree. We have had students that have come in with science degrees. For example geology and geophysics, and by taking a couple, of course, is to get up to speed in terms of the mechanics of soils and the mechanics of structures.

Um students have been able with science degrees not to successfully complete the program, so I think you know, I'd suggest if you have a specific question about your background, maybe you can send that email to Andrew. We can give you some more specific information on what it might take if you don't have either a science degree or engineering to kind of get you up to speed.

Thanks, Mike.

Alright, well I'm not seeing, uh anymore questions coming through, at least on my end. So once again, I want to thank everyone for coming out today. I hope you. We hope you have learned a little bit more about how to what you might want to make a decision about your future. And again, if any more questions come up either about the industry, the program or anything else, just go ahead and drop us a line. Was happy to answer.

Thank you very much.